What you need to know about Automotive Diagnostics Softwares


Firstly, software/applications are computer programs that help to interpret data, edit data and
create data. Diagnostic tools software interpret data (interpret data from the ECU), edit data
and create data (Reprogramming of the ECU).


The features and functions of a Diagnostic Software depend on the kind of diagnostic tool used.

Xentry: software interface


A powerful scan tool would work with a powerful software application.

Now, many Diagnostics tools manufacturers also manufacture specific software programs that
can only work with their tools, others give the licenses to only a few software developers. Most times when you buy a Diagnostic tool they come along with the software to run it.

Xentry: software interface


Although these software applications are not usually free, there are many cracked versions online, just as there are many cloned Diagnostics tools online.

CRACKED SOFTWARE VERSION AND CLONED SCAN TOOLS


Now, I will talk about disadvantages of cracked Software Version and cloned scan tool.


Cracked Software Version maybe useful until you try to upgrade it, or try to access the manufacturer online database, then it may get blocked, or you won’t be able to access it.


Sometimes you need some access online services to do some powerful diagnostics operations such as SCN coding.


Same thing goes for cloned scan tool, as it may not be able to access every component of the vehicle, it may not also perform some typical reprogramming of the ECU. But some bad software developers are constantly finding ways to break these protocols, just as the manufacturer is also ensure strictly protocols to secure their products.

Every Auto Mechanic needs to read this.

Being an expert or experienced Auto Is not about the numbers of years you have practiced but the numbers of challenging cars fault you have solved. As an expert auto diagnostician who basically works on only problematic cars several mechanics have battled with and couldn’t solve I know the exact challenges a lot of auto techs face.

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I had have the opportunity to had practiced in several mechanic workshops during my apprenticeship days, from the roadside workshops to International standard dealership workshops where I have learnt a lot and worked on almost all generations and brands of cars. Haven’t worked on American, Japanese, Germany, Korean and some others of cars brands. Coupled with the knowledge I had as a Mechanical engineer from the University I have been able to understand why most times mechanics faced very challenging problem that they can’t resolve with some cars.

It would surprise you that majority of mechanics in all parts of the world including America and Europe lack proper knowledge of Automotive Diagnostics Technology for both Mechanical, Electrical and Computerized faults. I can boldly say this because daily I consults for Mechanics from all parts of the world.

As one of the few mechanics who have dedicated our time and resources to offer free and paid consultancy services to mechanics round the globe (although we earn more from consultancy than fixing cars). I know that the challenge of proper vehicle diagnostics make mechanics to continue to get issues with fixing modern vehicles cannot be fixed by just acquiring sophisticated diagnostics tool and Software. But there should be a change in the method of training.

Learning the act of auto mechanic should not just be strictly apprenticeship, where the knowledge of the apprentice is limited a few cars. Rather there should be systematic method of adding relevant practical theories classes or sections to the apprenticeship program of auto mechanics, that would teach them proper auto diagnostic method, and also modern development in vehicles if possible future technology should also be taught. This would ensure that the apprentice are prepared to face any kind of challenges as regards auto repairs even when they have not worked on such brand or generation of vehicles.

Also, rather than emphasizing on mere replacement of parts as repair method, repairing of faulty parts should be encouraged. It’s not advisable to repair all faulty parts but there are certain components that can be repaired or serviced and would function well. Such components should be repaired. This would allow the apprentice to understand the working principles of such components better, and it will improve the creative problem solving techniques in them.

Also I believe that every auto apprentice must at least have a good knowledge of the all aspects of Auto repair technology which include Mechanical, Electrical, Body Work and Computerized Technology before they can specialize in any of these aspects. Because for modern vehicles some repairs requires good knowledge of mechanical, Electrical, and computerized automotive aechnology. Just as disassembly and reassembly of such parts may need auto body skills and tools to do such.

Finally, there should be regular Automotive Tech conferences to train Auto Techs to modern innovations in the Auto world especially in this era where we are already switching from IC powered vehicles to Electric and Automoted Cars.

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What you need to know about your car battery

BATTERY
The Battery is a source of Energy to the Vehicle. It converts Chemical Energy to Electrical Energy which it supplies to the Vehicle. It is the power house of the Electrical system of the vehicle, as without battery there is little or no functioning of the vehicle. A Battery is needed to start up your vehicle and it must have enough power supply to be able to start up the vehicle which is in use.


The Battery also Helps to power other cars components like the Lights, but is primary purpose is to aid cranking. A good battery must be able to provide power enough quickly to supply the Starter Motor. Also a good battery must also have enough power to supply some Electrical component like Parking Lights, Horn etc. to operate for a reasonable amount of time. It must also be able to provide power to operate some Accessories of the vehicle, when the engine is not turned ON or running, such accessories includes Audio Player, Electric door opener, Electric seat adjuster etc. A good battery must also help the supply stable voltage to various components of the vehicle.

Car battery


We know that electric power generated to the vehicle by the alternator is AC, which is converted to DC; this DC is supplied to the battery, which in turn supplies stable voltage to the various Electrical components like the fuses, switches, motors etc.

The Battery is also responsible for powering components like Alarm, Clock, and Gauges which usually remain running always throughout the vehicle lifespan.


Now the size of the battery depends on the size of the vehicle it needs to power. A large Battery would be needed for a Car with more Electrical components. Batteries are available in various sizes and ratings. Vehicles use the Lead Acid Battery.

Cars battery

Batteries usually have indicators that help to show the state of Such Battery, whether it is Charged, discharged, Bad etc. These indications are usually noticed by the changes of the colour of the Electrolyte inside the battery. Most Batteries have instructions on how to know the status of your battery by the colour Indication.

When Batteries are have low voltage supply the vehicle will not crank up. Batteries are usually low, when Voltage reading is below 11 volts If battery output voltage is Low, a lot of malfunctioning can occur in the vehicle system. When low battery voltage is noticed, it should be charged up immediately. The voltage reading of a battery can be tested using a multimeter.

Testing battery


Now, all battery may undergo discharge when there is either an electrical fault that causes voltage drainage, which may make battery voltage get low often. When the voltage supply of a vehicle battery is too low it can hinder engine cranking, that why we Jump Start to support the voltage supply in the vehicle battery.

It is better to jump start using appropriate jump start cables, than removing the battery completely and putting another one to start the vehicle. When you remove the battery completely it can affect some device like alarm, such system may return to default settings when there is replacement of the battery. Therefore a battery should be removed only when it is to be charged, tested, refilled, or replaced.

Jump start cars battery


In removal of the battery the negative terminal should first be removed then, the positive terminal, while in fixing it back, the positive terminal should be placed then the negative terminal. When a battery has low voltage supply, it affects the various Electrical components in the vehicle, they may even malfunction.


When a car is turned off the battery stills supply power, so if there is any malfunctioning of an electrical component which refuses to go off, it may lead to voltage drainage. Also when the alternator, charger or connecting cables are faulty it may not allow the battery to be charged properly, as this may also lead to the battery voltage supply to drop below normal. A faulty battery can be serviced to restore them to normal working condition.


When you check your Battery Voltage level and you notice a drop in voltage below the normal working condition you should ensure you charge the battery. The battery should be charged using a battery Charger, and this should be done in a well-ventilated environment, as battery release toxic gases during charging. Also such environment should be free of Fuel, which can lead to fire Outbreak. You must also be careful when charging it to avoid accident. Also while charging a battery, you must ensure you avoid current leakage and acts that may cause electric shock.

When a battery is malfunctioning, you can perform a test using various battery testers to know the status of the Battery. Also, you can also test for the concentration of the acid (Battery Electrolyte), by using an hydrometer.

The hydrometer reading of the specific gravity of the Acid, can tell us if the battery Acid need to be refilled. This process of testing using hydrometer should be done with care and caution, also make sure you put on your protective outfits, because you are dealing with Acid. The specific gravity of the Acid should be about 1.8. When replacing the acid make sure it is mixed to acquire the right concentration. When replacing the acid make sure it is mixed to acquire the right concentration, using the correct procedures. If the terminals of your Battery are faulty it may also result in supplying no or low voltage to the vehicle. Always do physical examination on the battery, inspect the terminals and clean up the dirt away from it. Make sure it is in proper working condition.


When a Battery is not in good working condition, the Electrical system of the vehicle is affected.

Sometimes faulty batteries and batteries connection may cause problems that you may think are as a result of bad distributor, starter and even alternator. On one occasion at the Workshop, a vehicle came, experiencing occasional difficulty in starting up of the vehicle. After checking the various Electrical components we later discovered that it was one of the battery terminal that was bad. After replacing it, the vehicle worked normally.


The battery is a very important element in the vehicle as it stores electrical energy needed for powering the electrical and electronics systems of the vehicle. The battery which is usually the lead-acid battery stores electric voltage, this could be that of 12 volts or 24 volts with amperage ranging from 75 amps, 100 amps, to 150 amp, This value depends on the voltage and current rating of the vehicle.

The battery provides the power requires by the ignition system to crank the engine (i.e. start the engine) and run it. It also supplies the other electronics and electrical components in the vehicle with power needed for their operation.

The battery should always be maintained charged; this is done by ensuring the alternator working properly and is charging up the battery. For a 12 volts battery the battery voltage reading should range 11 volts to 13 volts when fully charged, when the battery displays any voltage below 11 volts it should be charged up. For cases of below 10 volts it should be tested to know if the battery can be recharged or needs servicing.

Battery testing


TESTING OF BATTERY VOLTAGE USING MULTIMETER
To test a battery voltage using a multimeter is very simple. The multimeter has two testing cables that are connected to certain port in the multimeter depending on the type of multimer, it is also set to perform voltage function readings and the positive cable is placed on the positive terminal of the battery and the negative cable is placed on the negative terminal of the battery.

When this is done it will display the voltage reading, if the positive and negative cables are interchange it will display a negative value of the reading.

Charging system of an automobile

CHARGING SYSTEM


The charging system is responsible for the charging of the vehicle battery and also powering of the electrical systems and components in the vehicle. The various components in the charging system include:


1. Alternator
2. Cable and connections.
3. DC generator.

Alternator

The alternator is a device that converts mechanical energy in form of rotation to electrical energy. The alternator receives its mechanical energy from the crankshaft pulley of the engine which is being transferred through a belt drive to the alternator pulley.

The rotation of the alternators pulley causes the alternator to generate alternating current which is converted to DC before it is supplied to the battery and the electrical systems and components of the vehicle. Modern alternator usually have inbuilt DC generator that helps converter the AC generated from by the alternator.

The alternator is an electric generator that works using electromagnetic induction principle; it has two major coils which are the rotor and stator. There are different designs of the alternator by various manufacturers.

Alternator

The current and voltage rating of the alternators vary for different alternators depending on the power needs of the vehicles that they are designed for. Alternators usually comes with voltage rating of 14 volts and 26 volts, the 14 volts alternators is for vehicle with electrical systems of 12 volts rating, while the 26 volts alternator is for vehicles with electrical systems of 24 volts rating. The current rating of the alternator ranges from 75 amps, 100 amps to 150 amps or more, depending on the vehicle’s electrical system requirements.


The alternator consists of the following basic components
The housing.


1. Stator.
2. Rotor/Armature.
3. Voltage regulator.
4. Slip ring.
5. Rectifier.
6. Fan.
7. Bearings.
8. Brushes.


The Housing covers and secure the components in the alternator, it has air vents so for proper cooling effect. There are various designs for the alternator depending on the manufacturer and the feature.


The stator is the stator part of the alternator that helps to generate electric current through electromagnetic induction
Rotor or armature is the rotating part of the alternator that helps to generate electric current using electromagnetic principle; it is connected to the pulley which rotates it from torque transmitted through alternator belt from the crankshaft.


Voltage regulator is the devices in the alternator that helps to maintain an average voltage to be produced from the alternator to be supply to the vehicles battery and its electrical and electronics components and systems.


Rectifier is responsible for the conversion of the alternating current (AC) generated by the alternator to direct current direct (DC) which is compatible for the vehicle’s electrical and electronics components and systems.


The fan helps in cooling it is attached to the rotor and rotates with it.
Bearings helps to aid smooth rotation the moving parts, when these bearings are bad it could lead various mechanical fault such as excessive noise from the bearings, low torque of the rotor which would to supply of low current. A major damage on the bearing could lead to damaging other components in the alternator.


Brushes are pieces of conductive material usually serving to maintain electrical contact between the rotor and stator of the alternator. It usually wear off after a period of time depending on its composition, when the brushes are worn out it affect the supply of current to the battery, yhe brushes are serviceable and should be replaced when due for replacement.

Faults that are associated with the alternator include;


Slipping alternator drive belt.
Battery terminals loose or corroded.
Alternator internal fault (diode open circuit, brushes worn or regulator fault etc.).


Open circuit in alternator wiring, either main supply, ignition or sensing wires if fitted.


Short circuit component causing battery drains even when all switches are off.


High resistance in the main charging circuit.


Slipping or broken alternator drive belt.


Alternator internal fault (diode open circuit, brushes worn or regulator fault etc.).


Loose or broken wiring/connections.
Alternator internal fault (brushes worn open circuit or regulator fault etc.).


Blown warning light bulb.
Open circuit in warning light circuit.

Ways to repair such faults associated with the alternator;
The alternator is usually fixed by disassembling it and replacing or servicing the faulty components. Most alternators are serviceable.

CABLES AND CONNECTIONS
The charging system just as every other system in the vehicle has cables that help to connect the components in it to their source of power and also to components and systems they power. There are basically two types of cables which are LIVE (positive) and EARTH (negative); they work together to enable the flow of current and voltage into, through and out of the system.

A live cable is connected from the alternator to the battery’s positive terminal, while the earth cable is connected to the body to the vehicle (I.e. grounded), the battery negative terminal is also grounded making it a complete circuit.

DC GENERATOR
The DC generator is no longer used in modern vehicles; it is used in vehicle with alternators that produce AC. It converts the AC to DC before it is supplied to the various electrical components and systems that it powers. The DC generator is no longer been used in the vehicles any longer.

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Register for any of our online Auto Techs training courses. These courses include videos lessons, audiobooks, ebooks and software depending on the topic choice.

For every lesson taught there is a video showing the practical steps in our workshop.

Courses covered in this training program include:

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This involves a general overview in the principles of operations of the various electrical systems and components in the vehicle, their testing using testlight and multimeter, repairs and troubleshooting, wiring diagrams, sensors and actuators testing, interpretations and lots more.

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We offer a range of online courses on the automotive technology for free, although these free courses are only at beginners stages. Some of the free online courses include

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